Command line or from Xdefaults?
Command line:
xterm -fg white gives white text
xterm -fg black gives black text
.Xdefaults
XTerm*foreground: white gives white text
And so on.
Changing font can also be done from both the CLI and .Xdefaults file. A useful app is xfontsel which will display all your fonts and their variables, so you can choose the exact one you want. It can take some playing around tho.
It's probably easier to look at /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/fonts.alias - this shows you the aliases for the default fonts. I personally use 7x14, which is an alias for the font:
-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-130-75-75-c-70-iso8859-1
This is specified in .Xdefaults by:
XTerm*boldFont: 7x14bold
XTerm*font: 7x14
Or in the CLI by xterm -fn 7x14
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