Ubuntu 12.01 LTS. During download of an app, got message that internet server cut off; nothing would come back up via Firefox so had to halt and reboot. Then got message that only cuts off after 10 seconds -- check if ran out of space. System summary shows have 80% still unused. Failsafe sessions all no use. fsch got no impeovement. Repair also did no good. Any suggestions?

I fear that your post is rather cryptic and requires a lot of reading between the lines.

What is the precise wording of the error messages your are getting? What exactly do you mean by "nothing would come back up"? What was the app that you were donwloading?

I would suggest booting to a Live CD or something or other and taking a look at your HDD.

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OS ran well in all aspects except download/install where got message that had a broken package, which I learned was 'libpython-stdlib:i386' and deleted it.
Now everything worked perfectly and downloaded and installed several packages; then decided to install 'Rosa' media player. During the download got notice that had lost server access to internet. Tried to get Firefox to work but wouldn't do so.
Shut down and rebooted using Ubuntu recovery mode. Got to login, but then told session only lasted less than 10 seconds and maybe out of disc space [checked and got: /dev/sda1 20% [80% free]; udev 1.9G 0%
View details: (~/xsession-errors file)
/etc/mdm/Xsession: Beginning session setup ...
openConnection: connect: no such file or directory
Cannot connect to brltty at :0
setting IM through im-switch for locale=en_US
start IM through /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/all_ALL link to /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/default.
gnome-sessions-is-accelerated: llvmpipe detected
x-session-manager[3310]: CRITICAL: failed

I have not encountered anything like this. The issue seems to be connected to that media player, but that's just a guess at this point. On the other hand, it could stem from deleting, rather than fixing, a broken package.

If it were my system, my next step would be to boot to a Live CD of something and check disk usage from it. I did a bit of a web search for "udev no space left" and it appears that that can cause issues, but, as I said, I've not encountered anything like this and, frankly, at this point, I'm as far from a solution as you are. But I'll happily work with you to try to shoot the trouble, as will other LQers.