There's a program called Cedega (
www.transgaming.com) that will allow you to run a few Windows games under Linux. It works like an emulator, but it's not. Not that it matters though
.
It's not free, but it's quite affordable. I highly recommend you to purchase it if you want to game in Linux. If you want to, you can try to compile their free CVS version, but it not always works. Browse their supported game list and see if it's worthy buying (in your case):
http://transgaming.org/gamesdb/
You can also run a few games through plain wine:
www.winehq.com
but that is even more difficult to get working with games then Cedega/CVS.
And Doom, Doom 2 and Doom 3 is available for Linux, natively. Just go to idsoftware homepage and grab the installer. If you are going to play Doom1 or 2 you can still use native installers or check out something cooler as jDoom or Doom Legacy