Well the Ubunut is consisting of hundreds of applications. There are a lot doing very hardware-near activity, like the bluetooth drivers. And there are in-between layers lika ahavi which aim to make connection funcionality accessible easily to other applications. And there are applications like Text editor and web browser.
When you look at the system log, dozens of processes, which complete startup or shutdown routines, or do some activity, log what they are doing.
You need to be a quite adept linux user or even programmer to understand all of this.
Nevertheless I consider it good to look at these thing a lot. You can also learn about misfunctions of your hardware or linux that way.
And if someone is indeed spying on you, you might find indications there, or you might as well find none there at all.
wpa_supplicant is a software package that runs as a service and it allows authentification in a WLAN. It is completely basic and normal.
dhclient registers an IP adress in the TCP/IP/Ethernet Network that is funcioning for the basic networking between your router and computer.
NetworkManager prints out your config at the moment, including local ip adress, etc.
dbus is a very basic hardware/software interface and adresses many basic functions
org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher is some link between your graphical interface and your network software center.
avahi-daemon I consider as some piece of software for the average unknowing user, it aims to configure network devices without necsessary user interaction/configuration. I consider it a superfluous nuisance which leaks on my resources. Deinstall it altogether. In my opinion it COULD be a security breach (but very probably IS not).
What you marked red, there it withdraws it's attention from some IP Version 6 interface. Most probably because your network runs in Internet Protocol version 4, not yet 6. I consider this a rather boring piece of information.
DHCPv4 state changed nbi -> preinit means the network protocol configuration came across a device on which it sees no need to perform any further action at that moment.
"dhclient: Listening on LPF/wlan4/" doesn't mean so much, only that your IP (Version 6) environment waits for any interaction from your router, like maybe change of DNS server, or change of lease of your IP Adress or other probably very normal stuff.
Yes, you dont't have a fax, but your linux installation nevertheless chose to install a printer driver that can handle a fax.
I don't even have a printer but linux fixes me with the CUPS printing service system and loads of packages of other software for every kind of stuff.
"Loaded plugin ifupdown" that refers to another area of your network configuration. It is one suite of network administration that the different Linux use. Probably Red Hat developed it first (one of the most reknown distributions, from which other distributions borrow heavily).
If you deactivate bluetooth that is finde, so do I, but the Bluetooth funcionality runs at least two or three servers and probably more plugins or modules deep in the system. Try and deactivate them all, it saves resources, but it takes some research and engagement in the first place.
ACPI is a very basic function in your Mainboard and software.
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanc...ower_Interface
And if your Audio system with it's organisation and sub devices is probed, configured, up and running: be happy, so you can listen to music.
Microphone and cameras I also consider dangerous and cover them or deactivate them, when I care, everywhere I can in the hard- and software.
Also the funcionality of the organisation of files on your harddrive "EXT4-fs" (Filesystem) is something you can only do without in your home if you go back to book, pencil, radio, TV and telephone.
About the guest folders, the link from above is helpful.
Obviously you can as well delete them, they are from when someone logged in as "Guest" (maybe you yourself?).
On Linux you may only delete your own files. If you wantr to fully enter, edit, delete files from other "accounts" (there are lots of automatically set up system accounts/users - don't delete anything there), like the guest account you need to start a file browser (maybe nautilus?) instance with super user proviliges. There must be a link somewhere in the guts of the menus "file browser administration modus", or something.
Or you delete the folders using sudo and superuser password (either the same as your own users, or specially set and hopefully noted down during systen installation) in a terminal.
I propose you find the Service Administration of your ubuntu in the menus. Ther you can deactivate a lot of useless services. Which will then consume less resources, bother you less with log messages, and also lower the theoretical danger of the system beeing "attacked". But to google up all the service's names and understand what they do takes a lot of time.
Of course somebody might be spying at you/us. To rule that out, one has to learn a whole lot!
Have fun also, not only worries.