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There are a number of things that you can do, but they depend largely on what installation and version of Linux you are using.
Furthermore, if you ran nmap from your machine, there is no guarntee that those ports are open to connections not originated from localhost, so it is possible (albeit unlikely) that no can connect to some of those ports unless they are already on your machine. For example, I get different results if I run "nmap localhost" vs "nmap my.host.name.org" from another machine, but I have a physical firewall inbetween.
As for stopping the services: if you want them not to restart at boot-up or when changing init levels (if you do that) you'll have to edit the runlevel services. Again, if you want to do this using a GUI, you'll need to let us know which distribution of Linux you are using.
Additionally, I would suggest if at all possible, to set up a firewall like ipchains to run on your system. It's probably already there. If you can, I strongly recommend installing webmin so that you can easily manage this sort of stuff with a web-based GUI.
Lastly, if you want to try a quick fix, tryediting /etc/host.deny, make sure that there is only one uncommented line like so:
ALL : ALL
Then make sure that there are no uncommented lines in /etc/hosts.allow
On some systems, this will effectively turn off all ports. But it's not the best way to do it, especially if it's the only precaution you take.
-G
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