I want to modify the virtual-to-physical address mapping (i.e. page table) of a particular process for every 60 seconds. I do know how to modify the page table, how to flush the cache and TLB accordingly, and how to leverage workqueue to invoke my function every 60 seconds. However, I am not sure how to "attach" to the target process from kernel or kernel module, assuming that the target process does not initiate any system call. By "attach", I mean the target process will behave similar as when it encountered an interrupt (e.g. a page fault) and the execution goes to the kernel immediately with the context being saved. So is it possible to do this?

Pointers to any similar usage in the kernel code or other hints are also appreciated.

If you can modify the process then the easiest way is to add a signal handler.
Send the process a signal. The handler triggers and calls into your kernel module.

If you can't modify the process then you could look at how gdb attaches to and
interrupts an arbitrary running process.

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Thanks a lot, @smallpond! But I still feel what you suggested is not very straightforward to solve my problem. Do you think it is possible to achieve this purely inside the kernel?