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Well it looks like an irritating problem. Maybe running passwd with strace will help you find out where it's going wrong. Try running:
strace -o trace.out passwd
Then scan through the trace.out file and find out where it's stopping. If you don't know what all that output is maybe just posting the bit with the error will get someone to help you out.
Just another thing:
The trace file will contain your password in clear text. So if you post parts of the file then blank out your password or skip that part.
sorry, i didn't figure out what is my system. I built an embedded system. I mean, I use fdisk, mke2fs, and copy needed files. So I guess I haven't copy completely. And now here comes the problems. If my guess is right, then which files is needed by password system? If I am wrong, then what is going on to my system?
Well it first checks the file /etc/nsswitch.conf to find out where it should look to retrieve the password. If it's set to files then it will look for the file /etc/passwd if you are also using shadow passwords then you will need the /etc/shadow file.
As far as I know those are the main ones you need. If you've got all those then I'd really try an strace. It's not that much work and it will tell you exactly where it goes wrong. Saves you the trouble of guessing what may be missing.
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