Welcome to LQ and the wonderful world of Linux. (As an aside, you provided quite a bit of relevant information!)
When it comes to USB wireless adapters, some manufacturers' support of Linux is--er--less than desirable. I found a thread about
this adapter at askubuntu.com. It might be helpful, but, I must say, it's been over a decade since I've had to use ndiswrapper (which is a program for making Windows drivers work on Linux by "wrapping" the Windows drivers in a compatibility layer).
If you can connect temporarily via a wired connection, you might open the Ubuntu software center (or whatever they are calling it these days) and look for something called "additional hardware" or some such term. There's a possibility you might be able to download the drivers for that device in that way. Unfortunately, I don't have that bit of hardware and have no way of testing this.
Another alternative, if you can manage it, is to get a USB wireless device that is known to work with Linux. For what it's worth, if I need a USB wireless device, the first place I look is
thinkpenguin.com, which has them at very reasonable prices. I've purchased several USB wifi sticks from them and they have all worked splendidly.
And remember, we were all newbies once.