[SOLVED] Bash: question about command line parsing

igadoter · 11-12-2019, 09:40 AM

Hi, say last command was

Quote:

$ ls -l

is there a way to find what was last command and its parameters and arguments? In shell script this is accessible by positional parameters $0 etc - is there something for command line?

ehartman · 11-12-2019, 09:46 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by igadoter

is there something for command line?

Try 'history'
Read the bash man page or a manual to find out which settings influence the retainment of history (hint: they start with HIST, in capitals).

rtmistler · 11-12-2019, 09:49 AM

It depends what you want to do. You can seemingly, and easily "run" the last command using things like !! or !-1. If you want to contents of the last command, there's a trap capability in bash which you can use. Seems a lot of work, but I've seen it done.

https://www.ostechnix.com/5-ways-rep...command-linux/
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/...nd-run-in-bash

MadeInGermany · 11-12-2019, 10:45 AM

Besides the history command there are some shortcuts, for example !! and !*

Echo the last command (with arguments):
Code:
```
echo !!
```
Echo the last command's arguments:
Code:
```
echo !*
```

rknichols · 11-12-2019, 11:10 AM

You can also use the up-arrow key to scroll back through the command history.

igadoter · 11-12-2019, 11:41 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by MadeInGermany

Besides the history command there are some shortcuts, for example !! and !*

Echo the last command (with arguments):
Code:
```
echo !!
```
Echo the last command's arguments:
Code:
```
echo !*
```

These are good tricks. This is what I needed

Code:

$ ls -l
....
$ FOO=($( echo !!))
$ echo ${FOO[0]}
ls
$ echo ${FOO[1]}
-l

great thanks!

rtmistler · 11-12-2019, 11:42 AM

The problem with each of !! and history, you get a list. Well, not a problem if you process it within your script.

Just noting that I think that igadoter wishes to do this operation within a script. And also that they haven't cited how they intend to use it exactly. It may be fine to use !! to re-run the prior command. Or if they wish to know what that former command was and store, modify, process it somehow, then I believe echo'ing !! will give you both the echo !! as well as the prior command.

igadoter · 11-13-2019, 09:25 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by rtmistler

Just noting that I think that igadoter wishes to do this operation within a script.

Nope. Take a script and do this

Code:

$ while read LINE ; do echo $LINE ; done < my_bash_script

you will see that eg. line splitting \ at end of line are removed. Dropping all comments one sees what bash sees. But say I need to go further and parse each $LINE for command and options, arguments - best solution is employ bash to do the job instead trying to write awk script or something like that to look for patterns and accordingly split line. Essentially I need to extract something from a script.

MadeInGermany · 11-13-2019, 01:13 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by igadoter

These are good tricks. This is what I needed

Code:

$ ls -l
....
$ FOO=($( echo !!))
$ echo ${FOO[0]}
ls
$ echo ${FOO[1]}
-l

great thanks!

A bit simpler is

Code:

FOO=(!!)

igadoter · 11-13-2019, 03:06 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by MadeInGermany

A bit simpler is

Code:

FOO=(!!)

That rocks. Thanks for all of you. Thread give me idea to use this

Code:

$ while read -a LINE ; do echo ${#LINE[@]}: ${LINE[@]} ; done < my_bash_script

look at this

Code:

55: find -L . ( -perm 777 -o -perm 775 -o -perm 750 -o -perm 711 -o -perm 555 -o -perm 511 ) -exec chmod 755 {} ; -o ( -perm 666 -o -perm 664 -o -perm 640 -o -perm 600 -o -perm 444 -o -perm 440 -o -perm 400 ) -exec chmod 644 {} ;

in script is split over several lines - which does not makes script easier to understand. Now just match every member of LINE array.

Firerat · 11-13-2019, 07:20 PM

hmm

it looks like you actually want something like this

Code:

bash -x ./my_bash_script 2>debug.log

each command and expanded arguments will be printed to stderr ( which I'm redirecting to a file with 2> )

you can also use within script

Code:

set -x # turn it on
set +x # turn if off

you could make those conditional with an arg. passed to script
I mostly just "go the whole hog" with bash -x
but using set within the script to reduce the noise

but I may be a little confused about what you are actually trying to achieve.

igadoter · 11-14-2019, 04:24 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Firerat

hmm

it looks like you actually want something like this

Code:

bash -x ./my_bash_script 2>debug.log

each command and expanded arguments will be printed to stderr ( which I'm redirecting to a file with 2> )

I don't want script to be executed. This site www.slackbuilds.org provides number of scripts to easily build application from source. Inside each script there are set compiler flags and build flags. I just want to extract these data from script. My first thought was to look for regexp, cat, grep combination or awk. The first problem was line which with line continuation sign \ - long lines are being split inside scripts - but this makes more difficult to parse lines. Then I found simple solution to reread script with while read ; do done < script. Better however is to use while read -a ; do done < script. Say --sysdir flag is now array element. So flags, parameters are elements which should match pattern ^-

Firerat · 11-14-2019, 05:29 AM

yeah, thought I was miss understanding something

Code:

sed -e :a -e '/\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta' inputfile

from http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line.txt